The first woman apostle by eldon jay epp in 2005, the article provides new evidence that junia was indeed an apostle by considering pauls attitudes. The junia project is named for junia, a woman apostle in the early church see romans 16. Chrysostom provides credible objective evidence that junia was an apostle. Junia was an early convert and leading missionary whose story was lost when her name was masculinized to junias in later centuries. So, the evidence points to the fact that junia was a woman and that paul called her an apostle. The first woman apostle by eldon jay epp request pdf. Junia the first woman apostle pdf the apostle junia, was a woman leader in the early church whose ministry reminds us that gods intention junia. This evidence is the basis for my assertion that junia in romans 16. This provocatively titled book is a wellwritten detailed look at romans 16. Junia became junias simply because a woman could not possibly be an apostle. She was also a fellow prisoner for christ, though not necessarily in the same jail cell or jail. Salute andronicus and junia, womans name my kinsmen, and my fellow prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in christ before me. Since apostles are in place of authority, then junia demonstrates that women can be in authority over men in the church. Those who favor the view that junia was not an apostle do so because of their prior assumption that women could not be apostles, not because of any evidence in the text.
In the world of theology and new testament studies, it can assuredly be said that there is no topic more hotly debated especially among conservatives than the issue of the role of women in the new testament. Chrysostoms statements about these women are particularly convincing especially in light of his misogynist views toward women. Read online junia the first woman apostle revised editionvariant types and then type of the books to browse. At the end of the book of romans, paul greets many individuals by name. Junia have a feminine ending proving junia was a woman. Nov 29, 2019 those who favor the view that junia was not an apostle do so because of their prior assumption that women could not be apostles, not because of any evidence in the text. Dec 03, 2007 it would indicate that 1 apostles refers to a group larger than the original twelve, 2 among whom was to be counted a woman, 3 and probably a wife, 4 who had been an apostle before paul was emphases his. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Another argument raised by the egalitarians in support of women being an authority is the case of junia in romans 16.
Junia or junias was a 1stcentury christian highly regarded and complimented by paul the. Aug 05, 2019 the apostle junia, was a woman leader in the early church whose ministry reminds us that gods intention junia. The first woman apostle epp, eldon jay minneapolis. Perhaps junia is the wife of andronicus, and they were simply referred to as a team. There are two major interpretive problems in this verse, both of which involve the identification of junias. Junia, a woman apostle compiled and written by dianne d. In different translations of the bible, the spelling of junia is where the disagreement is and whether the greek word for junia is masculine or feminine. He compiled his findings in a book called junia, the first woman apostle. Recent scholarship proves she was both a female and an apostle. The more obvious reading is that andronicus and junia, as well as being fellow jews and fellow prisoners of paul, were also fellow apostles or missionaries.
First, we should consider the accents on the greek. Oct 01, 2005 junia, the first woman apostle by harkness professor of biblical literature emeritus at case western reserve university and president of the society of biblical literature is not so much a text on junia, mentioned in chapter 16. The epigraphic and literary evidence is overwhelmingly in favour of junia being a woman. First, disagreement exists as to whether junia was a male or female and second, was junia a female apostle, a position of. In this thoroughgoing study, epp restores junia to her rightful place. Often times romans 16 is glossed over when reading the bible, being treated like the cast and credits that appear at the end of a film that one quickly. This continues until 1927 when the thirteenth nestle edition the first had come out in 1898 inexplicably changed the accent from acute feminine to. En is a greek preposition, much like our english in. Kathryn riss proves that the junia was a woman and an apostle. Junia was an apostle and was not the only woman so honored by the early church. The first woman apostle, epp gives a textual critical evaluation of the history of. It cannot be established that junia was an apostle in authority. These newer translations, along with a careful examination of the historical record, provide conclusive evidence that junia was indeed a female apostle. Because later theologians and scribes could not believe or wanted to suppress that paul had numbered a woman among the earliest.
It would indicate that 1 apostles refers to a group larger than the original twelve, 2 among whom was to be counted a woman, 3 and probably a wife, 4 who had been an apostle before paul was emphases his. New testament offices held by women include apostle, prophet, pastor, deacon, eldress, widow and virgin. The first woman apostle society of biblical literature. Most likely, junia was a female apostle who served alongside her husband. First, was the person named iounian, the form of the name in rom 16.
Three daughters of servilia, mistress of caesar, sisters or half sisters of marcus junius brutus junia prima junia secunda junia tertia. Junia the first woman apostle pdf posted on july 27, 2019 by admin the apostle junia, was a woman leader in the early church whose ministry reminds us that gods intention junia. As this junia the first woman apostle revised edition, it ends up inborn one of. Does the bible refer to a female apostle named junia. The pleasing book, fiction, history, novel, scientific research, as skillfully as various extra sorts of books. Heiser study from the bible and be encouraged to grow your faith. Though this may be a surprise to some, yes, there were.
The pleasing book, fiction, history, novel, scientific research, as skillfully as various extra sorts of books are readily userfriendly here. In this important work, epp investigates the mysterious disappearance of junia from the traditions of the church. For too long have women been prevented to take any office in the church other than admin and being prayer warriors because of misinterpretation of scriptures. First of all, does the name junia have a feminine ending proving junia was a woman, or does it have a masculine. The apostle junia by david tatro were there women apostles in new testament times. In addition, paul names a number of women as well as men whom he called. At the end of romans, nestled amid a series of greetings which paul extends to various women and men, one finds this salutation, greet andronicus and junia, my relatives who were in prison with me. Epp tracks how this happened in new testament manuscripts, scribal traditions, and translations of the bible. Junias is not found anywhere as a male name in the first century however junia and julia were common. Andronicus and juniaor, as it might be, junias, a contracted form of junianus. Junia, the first woman apostle by harkness professor of biblical literature emeritus at case western reserve university and president of the society of biblical literature is not so much a text on junia, mentioned in chapter 16. Part of resolving the first issue is that the name translated junia s appears only once in the greek nt.
A bit repetitive and indepth on the language studies, but it does exactly what it sets out to do. Apostle juniafemale apostle apostolic friends forum. Nevertheless, beginning with erasmus in 1516, all greek new testament translations except one consider junia female. I was speaking to a book club about women in the bible when an audience member raised. An article analyzing the possibility of junia being a female apostle. But lets start by looking at each piece of this scriptural. See essay by bernadette brooten on the woman apostle junia, pp. Like many women, i was surprised when i first heard junias story. Because later theologians and scribes could not believe or wanted to suppress that paul had numbered a woman among the earliest churches apostles, junia s name was changed in romans to a masculine form.
The first woman apostle by eldon jay epp books to read online. The name was understood as feminine until the th century junia is found in all the greek manuscripts except 5, which have it as v julia junia. Because later theologians and scribes could not believe or wanted to suppress that paul had numbered a woman among the. Support for junia being a woman part of resolving the first issue is that the name translated junia s appears only once in the greek nt. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title junia. Junia new testament person, or junias, a person mentioned. Beginning around 1900, the idea that the name was junia, a woman, esteemed by the apostles, was circulated in commentaries by several authors. Her ministry in partnership with andronicus and paul reminds us that gods intention is for men and women to partner together as equals in the home, the church, and the community. Based upon evidence, not conjecture, we must conclude that junia, even if a woman, could not have been an apostle. Dennis preato proves that junia was an woman who was an apostle. Dec 02, 2005 junia, the first woman apostle by harkness professor of biblical literature emeritus at case western reserve university and president of the society of biblical literature is not so much a text on junia, mentioned in chapter 16.
The lost apostle unfolds like a wellwritten detective story, presenting pedersons lively search for insight and information about a woman some say was the first female apostle. The apostle junia barbara andersons watchtower documents. One of the most thorough and comprehensive treatments available on the subject of the name junia in romans 16. While it seems safe to say that junia was probably a woman, we cant say it with the kind of certainty wed prefer. Eldon epp is quite convincing that junia was indeed a prominent woman apostle of the 1st century. Because later theologians and scribes could not believe or wanted to suppress that paul had numbered a woman among the earliest churches apostles, junias. They are well known to or prominent among the apostles, and they were in christ before me. Second, although it is an argument from silence, we have to wonder how some can assert that andronicus and iounian were prominent, authoritative apostles when they never appear again in any other verse in scripture. In chapters 38, he explores the evidence for and against the rendering of the name as junia or junias. Andronicus and junia are called outstanding among the apostles, which places them within the grouping of apostles. Junia lepida, another roman noblewoman of 1st century. Support for junia being a woman part of resolving the first issue is that the name translated junias appears only once in the greek nt.
The first is concerned with resolving the gender of the person named iounian. Apart from these two, there is perhaps only one other reference to a person named junia or junias in all extant firstcentury greek literature. Receiving my july copy, seeing the cover with its title, then reading the article and evidences provided, i could only react with astonishment. The view among most modern new testament scholars is that this person was a woman named junia, but a common view in the past was that it was a man named junias. Paul mentions such a woman in the sixteenth chapter of his letter to the romans. First, disagreement exists as to whether junia was a male or female and second, was junia a female apostle, a position of authority and leadership. If should have the circumflex over the ultima then it is a mans name. The first woman apostle by eldon jay epp ebook pdf download. In chapters 38, he explores the evidence for and against the rendering of.